LPG (LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS)
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (also called LPG, GPL, LP Gas, autogas, or liquid propane gas) is a flammable mixture of hydrocarbon gasses used as a fuel in heating appliances and vehicles. It is increasingly used as an aerosol propellant and a refrigerant, replacing Chlorofluorocarbons in an effort to reduce damage to the ozone layer.
LPG is synthesized by refining petroleum or “wet” natural gas and is usually derived from fossil fuel sources, being manufactured during the refining of crude oil, or extracted from oil or gas streams as they emerge from the ground. It was first produced in 1910 by Dr. Walter Snelling, and the first commercial products appeared in 1912. It currently provides about 3% of the energy consumed, and burns cleanly with no soot and very few sulphur emissions, posing no ground or water pollution hazards. LPG has a typical specific calorific value of 46.1 MJ/kg compared with 42.5 MJ/kg for fuel-oil and 43.5 MJ/kg for premium grade petrol (gasoline). However, its energy density per volume unit of 26 MJ/l is lower than either that of petrol or fuel-oil.
SPECIFICATION(Butane)
PROPERTY | UNIT | TEST METHOD | VALUE |
---|---|---|---|
Ethane | mol % | G.C | 0.4 max. |
Propane | mol % | G.C | 98 min. |
Butane | mol % | G.C | 1.4 max. |
Pentanes & Heavier | mol % | G.C | 0.01 max. |
Copper Corrosion | ASTM D-1838 | No. 1a max. | |
Hydrogen Sulfide | vol.ppm | ASTM D-2420/Drager | 5 max. |
Sp. Gr. @ (60ºF / 60ºF) | ASTM D-2598 | To Be Reported | |
Sulfur (Volatile) | wt.ppm | (Based On ASTM D-3246) | 30 max. |
Vapor Pressure @ (100 ºF) | psig | ASTM D-2598 | 200 max. |
SPECIFICATION(Propane)
No. | Parameter Name | Maximum (Supreme) | The First |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Density at 20, not less | 780 | 775 |
2 | Fractional structure: the temperature started distillations, not above | 150 | 150 |
10% it is driven away at temperature, not above | 165 | 165 | |
50% it is driven away at temperature, not above | 195 | 195 | |
90% it is driven away at temperature, not above | 230 | 230 | |
98% it is driven away at temperature, not above | 250 | 250 | |
3 | Kinematic viscosity mm2/c (cCT) in +20C, not less | 1.30 (1.30) | 1.25 (1.25) |
In -40 c, no more | 8 (8) | 8 (8) | |
4 | The lowest heat of combustion | 42120 | 42900 |
5 | Height of not smoking flame | 25 | 25 |
6 | Acidity of fuel, no more | 0,7 | 0,7 |
7 | Iodic number - grams of iodine on 100 grams of fuel, no more | 2,5 | 3.5 |
8 | The temperature of the flash determined in closed, not below | 28 | 28 |
9 | The temperature began crystallization, not above | -50 | -50 |
10 | Dependent of temperature on oxidation stability in static conditions at 150 degrees, no mote: concentration of a deposit on 100 see fuel | 18 | 18 |
11 | Mass fraction of aromatic hydrocarbons, no more | 22 | 22 |
12 | Concentration of actual pitches, no more | 3 | 5 |
13 | Mass fraction of the general (common) sulfur | 0,2 | 0,25 |
14 | Mass fraction mercaptane sulfur | 0,003 | 0,005 |
15 | Mass fraction of hydrogen sulphide | Absence | Absence |
16 | Test for a copper plate at 100 degrees within 3 hours | Maintains | Maintains |
17 | The maintenance of ashes | 0,003 | 0,003 |
18 | The maintenance (contents) of water-soluble acids and alkalis | Absence | Absence |
19 | The maintenance (contents) washed naften acids | Absence | Absence |
20 | The maintenance (contents) of mechanical impurity and waters | Absence | Absence |
21 | Interaction with water, a point, no more: a condition of an interface | 1 | 1 |
Condition of the divided (shared) phases | 1 | 1 |